Buckwheat is a plant that originates from Mongolia and belongs to the family Polygonaceae.
The buckwheat seed is a dark brown or even dark black achen of
triangular shape with a length of 4-9 mm and the mass of 1000 seeds in
the range of 15-35 g.
Buckwheat flour mixed with rye flour is
used for bread production. According to chemical composition the
buckwheat and buckwheat flour are excellent sources of minerals
and lysine.
The amino acid composition of buckwheat proteins is
well balanced and of a high biological value, although the protein
digestibility is relatively low. Buckwheat grains are an important
source of microelements, such as: Zn, Cu, Mn, Se, and macroelements: K,
Na, Ca, Mg. With 80% unsaturated fatty acids more than 40% are
constituted by polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA).
The
significant contents of rutin, catechins and other polyphenols as well
as their potential antioxidant activity are also of significance to the
dietary value.
The primary source of carbohydrates in buckwheat
is starch, and its content generally varies from 65 to 75%of the dry
matter. The buckwheat starch is slowly digestible compared to
wheat starch that is generally fast digestible. Therefore, by
combining wheat flour with buckwheat flour products are obtained
that provide slow digestible starch, giving them special nutritional
importance, having similar effects to those of dietary fibers
(prevention of colon cancer, lowering the glycemic index, could
be nutritionally important diabetics).
Buckwheat is
cultivated today primarily because of the grain, which is
usually processed into flour after peeling the grain, and be prepared
and used in different ways in different countries.
Specialties
from buckwheat flour are pancakes and pie, while fried grain
of buckwheat- porridge, is used as traditional dish in eastern Europe.
In Japan usually are prepared slices of buckwheat. In Europe and North
America usually buckwheat flour is mixed with wheat flour for
preparation of pancakes, biscuits, chips.
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